After defeating the Yiga Clan member, you can interact with and activate the construct, which will request you go to the Great Abandoned Central Mine in the depths and return for a reward.
Interacting with the bananas will trigger an ambush and require you to beat a single Yiga Clan member. In the final cave of the Shrine, you'll find a Yiga hideout and some bananas sitting on the floor. You're able to go a bit deeper and drop down to a slightly larger cave, but unfortunately aren't able to find the initial machine Link was revived on. Heading further into the Shrine, you'll also find a pool that will heal you for half a heart a second for as long as you wish to swim and be healed. Entering the cave will reveal the new location being discovered, along with many brightbloom seeds growing near the entrance.